Methods of service

Courts accept different ways to deliver legal documents depending on the case type, the recipient, and the rules in your jurisdiction.

Personal service

The documents are handed directly to the person being served. This is the most common and most reliable method because there is little room for dispute about whether the person received notice.

Substituted service

If the recipient is not available, documents may sometimes be left with a responsible adult at their home or workplace. The rules for substituted service are strict and vary by state.

Nail and Mail Service

When personal delivery or substituted service cannot be completed after due diligence, New York law may permit “nail and mail” service. This method involves affixing the legal documents to the door of the recipient’s qualifying residence or actual place of business and mailing an additional copy in accordance with applicable service requirements.

Alternative Service

When traditional methods of service are unsuccessful after diligent efforts, a court may authorize an alternative method of service, which may include publication. Service by publication generally requires prior court approval and must be completed in accordance with the court’s order and applicable laws.

Service on businesses

Corporations and LLCs are often served through a registered agent or an officer of the company. The correct recipient depends on state business registration rules.

Special methods

Some cases allow service by mail with a signed acknowledgment, electronic service, or service through a designated agent. Always confirm the method your court requires before ordering.